Gokula Jat
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Veer
Gokula Jat
Native name
गोकुल जाट
Born
Gokul Dev
,
(
present-day
,
,
)
Died
1 January 1670
,
(
present-day
)
Cause of
death
Known for
Leading the Jat uprising of 1669
against the Mughals
Gokula Jat
(died 1 January 1670), also known as
Gokul Dev
, was a
and
who led a rebellion against the
during the reign of emperor
in the late 17th century. Gokula
emerged as a symbol of resistance against
oppression,
particularly their discriminatory religious and economic policies.
His leadership in the uprising of 1669 marked one of the earliest
organised revolts against
in India, influencing later
rebellions and the rise of the
.
In 1669, Gokula rallied approximately 20,000
and other local
farmers to resist oppressive
taxation and religious policies.
His forces achieved early successes, defeating and killing the Mughal
Abdul Nabi Khan at the
and destroying the
cantonment.
However, the rebellion was crushed following the
Tilpat's siege, where Gokula was captured after a four-day battle.
Gokula was executed by
in
on 1 January 1670.
Early life
[
]
Gokula (originally
Ola
or
Gokul Dev
) was born in a
family of
region (of Haga/Agre/Agha gotra) to Madu
Haga and was the second of the family's four sons.
Background
[
]
In the mid-17th century, the
under
faced growing discontent among its subjects, particularly
in rural areas. The
, a predominantly
community in the
region (present-day
and
), bore the brunt of heavy land revenue demands, often exceeding 50% of their produce. Aurangzeb’s reimposition
of the
(a tax on non-Muslims) in 1669, coupled with forced
conversions, destruction of
and
prohibition on
,
deepened the sentiments among
communities, mostly the
, who revered
as a sacred center of lord
worship. The spark for rebellion came in 1669 when mughal Abdul Nabi’s
oppressive measures, including excessive tax collection and interference in local religious practices, pushed the
to the breaking point.
Rebellion
[
]
In early 1669, Gokula, as the
of
, emerged as the leader of a peasant uprising against
oppression. The rebellion was sparked by Abdul Nabi’s excesses and the burdensome tax regime. Gokula mobilised
approximately 20,000
farmers, along with
and
. In May 1669, the rebels attacked Mughal outposts. An
early victory came at the
Battle of Sahora
, where Gokula’s forces killed Abdul Nabi, while he attempted to capture
the village. The rebels destroyed the Mughal cantonment at
, sacking regions around
and disrupting
Mughal control.This inspired the
to fight against the Mughal rulers, who were there to destroy all Hindu rebels
and this fight continued for five months.
1st Battle of Tilpat (1669)
[
]
Main article:
The
was fought between
and the
in 1669.
Under
's rule, Mughal
(governors) imposed heavy taxes (
) on the non-Muslim farmers of this region due to
of the empire resulting from the continuous military expansion in the southern regions of the
.
Due to the imposition of heavy taxation and restriction on Hindu religious practices, dissatisfaction and anger arose
among the Jats and it took the form of rebellion against the
during
's reign. In an effort to
suppress the rebellion,
sent his commander Hasan Ali Khan with a large army contingent of
soldiers as
a reinforcement to the
cantonment commanded by Abdul Nabi Khan, who would later be killed by the Jats. Gokula
Jat, son of
Zamindar Madu Singh, led the rebellion of farmers along with his uncle Uday Singh Jat. The first
confrontations of the rebellion continued for 4 days with the seizing of
and the farmers' counterattacks.
Gokula's leadership in the Jat uprising of 1669 marked one of the earliest organised revolts against
in
India by
.
2
nd
Battle of Tilpat
[
]
In 1669, Gokula Dev, with 20,000
farmers, fought the Mughals, about 20 miles from
. Abdul Nabi Khan, a Mughal
, attacked them. While Khan was initially successful, he was killed by the Jats on 12 May 1669 (21st
, 1079 A.H.).
Gokula Dev and his followers then retreated to Tilpat, where Hasan Ali Khan, an
-
appointed Mughal officer, followed and besieged them with reinforcements of 10,000 musketeers, 5,000
, and
250 artillery pieces. Amanulla, the
of the environs of
, was also sent to reinforce Hasan Ali Khan.
Gokula and his followers were captured alive and taken first to
, and then to
, where Gokula was executed by
's decree.
Death
[
]
Gokula was brought to
, following his capture by the Mughal forces at the Battle of Tilpat. He was executed by
having his
, one by one, on a public platform in
.
Gokula's son and daughter were forcibly
converted to
by the Mughal authorities under
. These conversions were not voluntary and were part of the
broader context of Mughal policies toward non-Muslim rebels during
reign. In addition, Gokula's followers
were imprisoned. Meanwhile, innocent people involved in the fighting were released after proper inquiries, and the
elderly and children were handed over to a court
for care.
Legacy
[
]
A
poet, Balveer Singh Karuna, in his book
Samarveer Gokula
wrote that:
Slowly the water of self-respect started to awaken,
I decided to rebel by refusing to pay taxes.
You die only once in one birth
And wait in the graves till the
doomsday
But we are immortal forever, the soul will not die
Only it will change its body and clothes again and again
— Balveer Singh Karuna, Samarveer Gokula,
See also
[
]
References
[
]
^
Khari, Rahul (2007).
. Reference Press.
.
Gokula , the
Zamindar of Tilpat assumed the leadership of the Jats in 1669. An independent Jat state of Bharatpur was established in the early
18th Century . Gokula collected an army of 20,000 youths to organize the Jats
Books, L. L. C. (2010).
. General Books LLC.
.
The rise of Jat power in India, which started at the
1669 Jat uprising as a resistance against narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb under the leadership of
Gokula, resulted ultimately into the formation of Jat State in Bharatpur.
, H.C. Raychaudhari, Kalikinkar Datta:
, 2006, p.490
Singh, K. Natwar (2001).
. Rupa & Company.
.
Pickthall, Marmaduke William; Asad, Muhammad (1990).
. Islamic Culture Board.
Abd al - Nabi, the fawjdar of
Mathura, was killed in an encounter and the rebellion became serious. It spread to Agra district and Awrangzib himself marched to
Mathura in November. Gokula jat was taken prisoner and executed
Rathee, Ravindra (15 August 2022).
. Amberley Publishing Limited.
.
The peasant rebellion of Jats in the north was crushed by heavy artillery, personally commanded by
Aurangzeb in 1669. The captured Jat rebel leader Gokula Singh was publicly tortured and executed in Agra
Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 5
Mirat-i-Ahmedi
by Ali Muhammad Khan, (trans. by M.R. Lokhandwala Gaekwad Oriental Series, No. 146, 223; Manucei tStona, II,
144), “however, claims that Holi was stopped altogether.”
Sarkar, Jadunath (20 November 2024).
. Manohar Publications.
.
Dwivedi, Girish Chandra (2003).
. Originals.
.
Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 34
Sen, Sailendra (2013).
A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
. Primus Books. p. 188.
.
Reddy, Krishna (1960).
Indian History
. McGraw Hill.
.
Jahan, Dr.Ishrat (29 December 2018).
. Lulu.com. p. 52.
.
Nagar, Ishwardas (1978). Tasneem Ahmad (ed.).
. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. p. 83.
Sarkar, Jadunath.
.
AhleSunnah Library
. Archived from
on 11 November 2014
. Retrieved
19 November
2015
.
[
Jat women committed Jauhar. Gokula refused to accept Islam
] (in Hindi). Anmol. 1996. p. 121.
.
Sharmaji, Gautama (1990).
. Allied Publishers. pp.
152–
153.
. Retrieved
19 November
2015
.
^
Pratap, Bhanu (18 December 2019).
.
. Retrieved
31 May
2025
.
आगरा किले में
औरंगजेब ने वीर गोकुला जाट ते सामने शर्त रखी कि जान की सलामती चाहते तो
इस्लाम धर्म स्वीकार कर लो। गोकुल सिंह ने वीरतापूर्वक इनकार कर दिया। फिर
एक जवनरी, 1670 को गोकुल सिंह, उनके चाचा उदय सिंह और अन्य को बंदी बनाकर
कोतवाली के चबूतरे पर लाया गया। गोकुल सिंह को जंजीरों में जकड़ा हुआ था।
उनके शरीर का एक-एक अंग काटा गया।
Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1928).
. M. C. Sarkar.
The
Jat leader's limbs were hacked off one by one on the platform of the police office of Agra, his family was forcibly converted to
Islam, and his followers were kept in prison in charge of the provost of the imperial camp.
. Anmol Publications. 1996. p. 121.
.
Collier, Dirk (2016).
The Great Mughals and Their India
. Hay House.
.
Karuṇa, Balavīrasiṃha (2008).
. Amr̥ta Prakāśana.
. Retrieved
31 May
2025
.
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