Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante

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EMB 110 Bandeirante

An EMB 110 with the

General information

Type

National

origin

Status

In limited commercial

service, in active military

service

Primary

users

Number built

503

[

]

History

Manufactured

1968–1990

Introduction

date

16 April 1973

First flight

26 October 1968

The

Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante

(English:

pioneer

) is a Brazilian

twin-

light transport

for

and

use.

The EMB 110 was designed by the French engineer

; it had been

designed in line with specifications issued by the

in 1965.

The goal was to create a general purpose aircraft,

suitable for both civilian and military roles with a low operational cost and

high reliability. On 26 October 1968, the

YV-95

prototype performed its

; an additional two

EMB 110

development aircraft would follow

along with an initial order for 80 transport aircraft for the

in the following year.

was received from the

Brazilian aviation authorities in late 1972, permitting its entry to service

in April 1973 with the Brazilian airline company

Various customers in both the military and civilian sectors opted to procure

the EMB 110 during its 22-year production run. Over one hundred examples would

serve with the Brazilian Air Force, who would modernise numerous examples

during the twenty-first century to permit their continued operation. The EMB

110, being customisable to suit various roles and operator requirements, was

adapted for various specialist roles, including

, and

missions. During the 1970s, Embraer opted to

design an enlarged derivative of the EMB 110, designated as the

; being faster, outfitted with a

, and able to

accommodate up to 30 passengers, Embraer opted to concentrate its resources

on the new aircraft. As a result, production of the EMB 110 was terminated in

1990.

Design and development

[

]

Background

[

]

YC-95 first prototype (EMB-100)

The origins of the EMB 110 Bandeirante can be traced back to the issuing of a

directive by the

in 1965; this called for the

production of a transport aircraft for both civilian and military operations that

would be reliable and possess low operating costs.

[

]

It was to be

equipped with

engines, a low-mounted wing, and have sufficient capacity to

accommodate eight personnel; these stipulations had been drawn from a study of Brazilian commercial air traffic, and

aimed to produce an aircraft that would be well suited to the existing airport infrastructure of the country at that

time. The resulting specification that had been generated under the

IPD-6504

programme would greatly shape the future

aircraft.

Early work on what would become the EMB 110 actually predates the establishment of its manufacturer,

, which

was founded in August 1969.

[

]

The lead designer was the French engineer Max Holste.

Construction of the

prototype was supervised by the Brazilian

Ozires Silva, who would also play a key role in

founding and running of Embraer. The company was created to undertake the aircraft's commercialisation and serial

production.

EMB 110A cockpit

EMB 110 cabin, operated by

On 26 October 1968, the first prototype, carrying the military designation

YC-95

performed its

from

Piloted by José

Mariotto Ferreira and accompanied by flight engineer Michel Cury, it landed after

roughly 50 minutes. Prior to this point, a total of 110,000 project hours had been

worked, producing 12,000 manufacturing drawings, supported by 22,000 hours of

structural and aerodynamic calculations; an estimated 282,000 hours of aircraft

manufacturing and tooling has also been expended.

The prototype was officially

presented before various civil and military officials along with members of the

press at an event held four days later, during which its maiden flight was repeated.

The positive performance of the

prototype led to production of the aircraft, and thus the establishment of Embraer, being approved in mid-1969; the

newly created company would assume responsibility for its production on 2 January 1970.

Redesign and quantity production

[

]

EMB 110 Bandeirante

prototype at

An additional pair of prototypes were constructed, which were designated

EMB 100

On 19 October 1969, the second prototype performed its first flight, while the

third prototype followed on 29 June 1970. While these prototypes yielded positive

test results, it was recognised that market conditions had shifted to the point

where an eight-seat aircraft appeared to be less viable than it had previously

appeared; thus, it was decided to quickly redesign the EMB 100 into the

EMB 110 Bandeirante

, which featured several

technological advances along with greater capacity.

In May 1970, the programme was bolstered by the

(FAB) deciding to issue Embraer with an initial

order for 80 production aircraft.

Near the end of 1972, the Bandeirante received its Brazilian

On 9 February 1973, the first delivery was made to FAB.

In a typical configuration, the EMB 110 seated between 15 and 21 passengers, and was flown by a pair of

pilots.

[

]

Various configurations and customisations were possible in order to suit customers' diverse

requirements and operating conditions. The

EMB 110P1A/41

model, which was furnished with seats for 18 passengers, had

a length of 15.1 metres (50 ft), a height of 4.92 metres (16.1 ft), and a wingspan of 15.33 metres (50.3 ft).

has a maximum cruising speed of 411 km/h (222 kn), while its more economical cruising speed was 341 km/h (184 kn), at

which speed an effective range of 1,964 km (1,060 nmi) can be achieved even while retaining reserve fuels for another

45 minutes of flight. The EMB 110 has a service ceiling of 21,500 feet (6,600 m).

During the 1970s, Embraer opted to build on the success of the EMB 110 by designing an enlarged derivative of the

aircraft, designated as the

; beyond being large enough to accommodate up to 30 passengers, it was

also faster and furnished with a

[

]

All further development of the EMB 110 was halted by

Embraer during the 1980s in order to concentrate its resources on the further development and production of the newer

EMB 120 instead.

Operational history

[

]

EMB 110 registration G-TABS,

operated by Skydrift, loading

through the large cargo door

Between 1968 and 1990, Embraer constructed a total of 494 aircraft in numerous

configurations for a variety of roles. The

first flew on 9 August

1972 and entered commercial service on 16 April 1973 with the now defunct Brazilian

airline company

. On 8 July 1985, the first aircraft to be operated by

the

in 1985 was 15-seat EMB 110; the airline continued

to operate the type up until 1989.

[

]

By October 2018, 50 years after its first flight and 498 deliveries,

about 150 EMB 110s were still operating at airlines,

, government entities, and

around the

world.

Production of the type came to an end in 1990, the EMB 110 having been superseded by the

, a derived successor.

Embraer EMB-111 patrol aircraft

EMB-110P1 air ambulance,

operated by the Mexican Social

Security Institute (IMSS) on

regular routes and schedules from

1979 to 1982

During February 1973, deliveries of the type commenced to the Brazilian Air

Force.

A pair of

EMB 111A Patrulha

were leased to the

during the

, acting as a stop-gap measure between the

retirement of the service's last

and the introduction of

modified

On 15 December 2010, the Brazilian Air Force

flew its first upgraded EMB 110, which had been equipped with modern avionics

equipment. Designated as

C/P-95

, the aircraft has had several new systems installed

by Israeli firm

' Brazilian subsidiary,

Aeroeletronica

. At the time,

the Brazilian Air Force had an active fleet of 96 EMB 110s.

In 2017, the

Brazilian Air Force was reportedly operating 48 EMB 110s.

Variants

[

]

YC-95

EMB 100

–

, powered by two 550 shp (410 kW)

A-20

engines.

Three built.

EMB 110

Initial production version, powered by 680 shp (510 kW) PT6A-27 engines – Twelve seat military transport

for the

, who designate it the

C-95

. 60 built.

EMB 110A

– Radio calibration version for the Brazilian Air Force (

EC-95

). Three built.

EC-95B

– Calibration version for the Brazilian Air Force.

EMB 110B

–

, aerial photography version. Seven built, six as

R-95

for the Brazilian Air Force.

EMB 110C

– The first commercial model, similar to C-95, a 15-seat passenger version.

EMB 110C(N)

– Three navalised EMB 110Cs sold to the

EMB 110E

Executive version of EMB 110C. Six to eight seats.

EMB 110E(J)

Modified version of EMB 110E.

EMB 110K

Stretched version with 0.85 m (2 ft 9 in) fuselage plug and 750 shp (560 kW) PT6A-34 engines and fitted

with ventral fin.

EMB 110K1

– Cargo transport version for the Brazilian Air Force, with cargo door in rear fuselage. 20 built,

designated

C-95A

EMB 110P

Dedicated commuter version of EMB 110C for Brazilian airlines, powered by PT6A-27 or -34 engines.

EMB 110P1

– Quick change civil cargo/passenger transport version based on EMB 110K1, with same rear cargo

door.

EMB 110P2

– Dedicated civil passenger version of EMB 110P1, without cargo door.

EMB 111A Patrulha

– Maritime patrol version for the

The aircraft also has the Brazilian Air

Force designation

P-95

Bandeirulha

P-95B

– Improved EMB 111, with more advanced avionics and strengthened structure. Ten built for Brazilian Air

Force.

EMB 111AN

– Six maritime patrol aircraft sold to the Chilean Navy.

C-95B

– Quick change cargo/passenger version for the Brazilian Air Force.

EMB 110P1 SAR

– Search and rescue version.

EMB 110P/A – 18 seat passenger version, intended for export.

EMB 110P1/A – Mixed passenger/freight version with enlarged cargo door.

EMB 110P1/41

– Cargo/passenger transport aircraft.

EMB 110P1K/110K

– Military version.

C-95C

– The Brazilian Air Force version of the EMB 110P2.

EMB 110P2

EMB 110P2/A

– Modifications for airline commuter role, seating up to 21 passengers.

EMB 110P2/41

– 21-seat pressurised commuter airliner.

EMB 110S1

–

version.

SC-95

–

version for the Brazilian Air Force.

XC-95

– Rain research version for the Brazilian Air Force.

C/P-95

– Updated version with modernised avionics.

Operators

[

]

Main article:

In 2020, 39 Bandeirantes were still in airline service with 15 operators, 31 in North/South America, 1 in Africa and 7

in Asia Pacific & Middle East.

The main operators are:

Specifications (EMB 110P1A/41)

[

]

A Bandeirante with its PT6A

engine uncovered

Data from

Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89

General characteristics

Crew:

Capacity:

18 passengers

Length:

15.1 m (49 ft 6 in)

Wingspan:

15.33 m (50 ft 4 in)

Height:

4.92 m (16 ft 2 in)

Wing area:

29.1 m

(313 sq ft)

root:

;

tip:

Empty weight:

3,590 kg (7,915 lb) empty equipped - passengers

3,393 kg (7,480 lb) empty equipped - cargo

Max takeoff weight:

5,900 kg (13,007 lb)

Fuel capacity:

1,308 kg (2,884 lb) / 1,720 L (450 US gal; 380 imp gal) in four integral wing tanks

Powerplant:

2 ×

engines, 560 kW (750 shp)

each

Propellers:

3-bladed

HC-B3TN-3C/T10178H-8R, 2.36 m (7 ft 9 in) diameter fully-feathering reversible-pitch

constant-speed propellers

Performance

Cruise speed:

411 km/h (255 mph, 222 kn) maximum at 2,440 m (8,000 ft)

Economical cruise speed:

341 km/h (212 mph; 184 kn) at 3,050 m (10,000 ft)

Range:

1,964 km (1,220 mi, 1,060 nmi) econ. cruise + 45 min reserve

Service ceiling:

6,550 m (21,490 ft)

Rate of climb:

8.3 m/s (1,630 ft/min)

1.9 m/s (6.2 ft/s) on single engine

Take-off run:

807 m (2,648 ft)

(FAR23.135 / SFAR 41A)

Landing run:

868 m (2,848 ft) at MLW

Incidents and accidents

[

]

27 February 1975: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PP-SBE operating Flight 640 from

crashed after take-off from Congonhas. All 13 passengers and two crew members died.

22 January 1976: a

Embraer EMB 110C Bandeirante registration PT-TBD operating Flight 107 from

, crashed upon take-off from Chapecó. Seven of the nine passengers and crew on board died.

23 April 1977:

, a C-95 Bandeirante registration FAB-2169 crashed upon landing at

3 June 1977:

, a C-95 Bandeirante registration FAB-2157 crashed after take-off from

. All 18 occupants died.

20 June 1977: a

EMB110C Bandeirante registration CX-BJE/T584 flying from

crashed after striking trees in an orange grove during approach to Salto. The crew of two, as

well as three of the 13 passengers died.

31 January 1978: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PT-GKW crashed

upon take-off from

. The crew of two died but all 14 passengers survived.

8 February 1979: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PT-SBB operating a flight from

, while on initial climb from Bauru, struck trees and crashed into flames. All two crew and 16 passengers

died.

24 February 1981: a

EMB110P Bandeirante registration PT-GLB flying from

collided

with a ship in dry dock while approaching Belém in rain and high winds. The aircraft subsequently struck two barges

and broke in two. The front part crashed onto a tug, and the tail section sank. Only 3 passengers of a total of 14

passengers and crew survived.

2 September 1981: a Taxi Aéreo El Venado Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante registration HK-2651 crashed after taking

off from

. The aircraft, overloaded, entered a stall, went down and caught fire,

killing both pilots and 19 of the 20 passengers.

6 November 1982: an

EMB110PI Bandeirante registration G-OAIR flying from Prestwick to Aberdeen lost left

engine and shortly thereafter right generator. The pilot and sole occupant made a landing in a field north east of

Hatton, Scotland. Aircraft sustained substantial damage.

7 October 1983: a

EMB 110C Bandeirante registration PP-SBH flying from

and

struck the ground just short of the runway threshold after missing the approach at Araçatuba Airport

twice. Seven crew and passengers died.

18 April 1984: two

EMB 110 Bandeirante registrations PT-GJZ and PT-GKL collided on air, while on approach to

land at

. PT-GJZ was flying from

to Imperatriz and crashed on ground killing all its 18

passengers and crew. PT-GKL was flying from

to Imperatriz and its pilot was able to make an

emergency landing on Tocantins river. One passenger of its 17-passenger and crew died.

28 June 1984: a

EMB 110C Bandeirante registration PP-SBC operating a chartered flight by

from

while descending through rain and clouds over the

Municipality of

. All 16 passengers and 2 crew died. The passengers were journalists of well-

known Brazilian networks who were preparing a special report about the

oil fields.

19 November 1984: A

EMB 110 Bandeirante G-HGGS crashed into the side of a hill 6.5 mi (10.5 km) south of

shortly after take-off. The pilot was killed in the crash and the aircraft damaged beyond repair.

6 December 1984:

, using an EMB 110 Bandeirante (registration N96PB) crashed shortly after taking

off from

, United States. All 11 passengers and both

pilots died.

23 June 1985: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PT-GJN flying from

, while on approach to land at Cuiabá, had technical problems on engine number 1. An emergency

landing was attempted but the aircraft stalled and crashed 1 km short of the runway. All 17 occupants died.

9 October 1985: a

EMB110C Bandeirante registration PT-GKA operating a cargo flight from

crashed during initial climb from Vitória da Conquista after flying unusually low.

The two crew members died.

6 February 1987: A Talair MB 110P2 registration P2-RDM ditched into the sea in poor weather short of Hoskins

Airport en route from Rabaul on the Island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. Three of the 17 on board survived.

1 March 1988:

, using an EMB 110, crashed in Johannesburg, killing all 17 occupants.

One

source suggests that this incident was caused by an explosive device, carried by a passenger employed as a

mineworker who had recently taken out a substantial insurance policy.

24 May 1988:

Flight 2366, an

departing

, crashed during takeoff from runway 35 due to failure of no. 1 engine. After climbing to 50–100 feet the

aircraft lost altitude, struck the ground, and part of the aircraft caught fire. It appeared that the compressor

turbine blade of no. 1 engine had separated. No fatalities.

14 November 1988: Oy

Ab flight to

crashed during landing in

. Resulted in six

deaths and six injuries.

20 September 1990: an EMB110P1 Bandeirante registration PT-FAW belonging to the Government of Pernambuco, flying

from

, crashed into the sea shortly after take-off. All 12 crew and passengers

died.

8 October 1991: an EMB110P1 Bandeirante, registration N731A, being

from Springfield, Missouri, to Southend,

England, descended due to icing conditions and struck an ice sheet at a height of 5125 feet near

Greenland. All three crew members survived and were rescued by a helicopter of the Danish Navy.

11 November 1991: a

EMB110P1 Bandeirante registration PT-SCU operating Flight 115 from

during an initial climb had an engine failure followed by fire. The aircraft crashed on populated area. All 13

occupants of the aircraft and 2 persons on the ground died.

3 February 1992: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PT-TBB en route from

descended below minimum levels in bad weather and crashed on a hill hidden by clouds near

. All 12

passengers and crew aboard died.

13 January 1993: A

cargo flight crashed into a hill near

, en route from

. The flight used

G-ZAPE

, a 110P, and both pilots were killed in the

crash.

26 October 1993:

patrol P-95 (EMB 111 Bandeirante Patrulha) registration FAB-2290 that

departed from

crashed into the ocean near

while flying in bad weather

conditions. All crew of 3 died.

19 July 1994:

Panamanian domestic airline ALAS, registration HP-1202AC using an EMB

110P1, crashed after a bomb exploded in the cabin killing 21, twelve Jewish businessmen were among the passengers.

24 May 1995: G-OEAA, an EMB-110-P1 operated by

domestic airline

between

and

entered a steeply descending spiral dive, broke up in flight and crashed into farmland at

near Leeds. All 12 occupants were killed. The probable cause of the accident was the failure of one or both

instruments. There was no standby artificial horizon installed (as there was no airworthiness

requirement for one on this aircraft) and the accident report concluded that this left the crew without a single

instrument available for assured attitude reference or simple means of determining which flight instruments had

failed. The aircraft entered a spiral dive from which the pilot, who was likely to have become spatially

disoriented, was unable to recover.

13 September 1996: a

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PT-WAV operating a cargo flight from

collided with a hill and crashed during final approach to land at Joinville. The crew of two died.

17 November 1996:

, a P-95 Bandeirante registration FAB-7102 flying from

had an accident in the vicinity of

. Four Brazilian Air Force

Bandeirantes were flying on formation from Salvador to Natal when the tail of FAB-7102 was struck by the propeller

of another aircraft. It crashed after control of the aircraft was lost. All nine occupants died.

24 July 1999: an

EMB 110 Bandeirante registration DQ-AFN on a domestic flight from Nausori to Nadi in the

Fiji Islands operating as

crashed on a slope of a ridge. The aircraft had apparently descended

below the 5,400 feet (1,600 m) safety altitude until the right wing struck a tree on a ridgeline at 1,300 feet

(400 m) altitude. The Bandeirante then broke up and impacted the slope of a ridge 1.3 km (0.81 mi) further on. The

tail section and right wing were found 150 m (490 ft) from the main wreckage. Weather at 05:00 was good: nil wind,

40 km (25 mi) visibility, scattered clouds at 2,200 feet (670 m) and an insignificant small shower band.

Investigation revealed that the captain had insufficient rest prior to the flight and that he had consumed an

above-therapeutic level of antihistamine prior to the flight, which would have degraded his ability to safely pilot

the aircraft. Also Air Fiji's published standard operating procedures were inadequate for the Bandeirante aircraft.

26 December 2002:

, an EMB 110 Bandeirante registration FAB-2292 en route from

, crashed while trying to carry out an emergency landing at

. Reportedly, both engines had quit. The airplane had taken off with insufficient fuel on board to complete the

flight to Florianópolis. Three passengers and crew of the 16 aboard died.

8 November 2005: an EMB 110, operated by

, registration N7801Q, flying a cargo route from

suffered an engine failure shortly after

takeoff, causing the aircraft to bank and fall to the ground, landing inside of a

garden center 1.4 km

(0.87 mi) away from Runway 17/35. The pilot was the only occupant and survived the crash, and the aircraft was

written off.

7 February 2009: an EMB 110, operated by

, registration PT-SEA, flying a domestic route in Brazil

from Coari to Manaus (Amazonas) struggled in bad weather conditions and

80 km (50 mi) from Manaus killing

24 passengers. 4 survivors were reported.

3 July 2013: An EMB 110, operated by Batair Cargo, registration ZS-NVB, en route from

for Lubumbashi in the

, crashed while attempting to land in

Francistown, Botswana. The pilots had planned to land and refuel but thick mist on the ground caused them to miss

the landing strip on their first pass. They called in to the control tower to notify that they would make a second

pass because they could see the landing strip, but never did. The wreckage was found two hours later about 10 km

(6.2 mi) from the airport. The plane crashed with no survivors.

17 November 2022: An EMB 110, registration C6-CAB, operated by LeAir Charter Services, flying from

, Haiti, to

, Nassau, Bahamas, was substantially damaged

when the nosewheel collapsed and it skidded off of the runway when landing at Nassau. During the landing approach,

the crew observed problems with the landing gear. After performing a low pass so that the landing gear could be

observed by the control tower, the flight circled for several minutes to burn off fuel before another approach to

landing, during which the nosewheel collapsed. No injuries were reported.

16 September 2023: An Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante carrying 12 passengers and 2 crew from

. All 14 occupants were killed.

The aircraft was

registered as PT-SOG.