Anglican Church of Southern Africa

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with

Anglican Church of Southern

Africa

Classification

Orientation

Theology

Primate

Headquarters

20 Bishopscourt Drive,

, 7708

, South Africa

Territory

Origin

20 September 1870

Independence

1870

; 156 years ago

Members

c. 3–4 million

Official website

The

Anglican Church of Southern Africa

, known until 2006 as the

Church

of the Province of Southern Africa

, is the

of the

in the southern part of Africa. The church has twenty-five

, of which twenty-one are located in

, and one each in

and

The Anglican Church of Southern Africa claims 3–3.57 million members.

In the 2001 South African Census, there were a recorded 1.7 million

Anglicans out of a total South African population of close to 45

million.

No census information has been available since although further

studies have been done. The Anglican Church of Southern Africa estimated in

2006 that there were between 3 and 4 million Anglicans across Angola,

Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and the island of St

Helena.

A study published in 2020 produced an estimated figure of 2.3

million (4%) Anglicans in South Africa as of 2015.

In 2021, the

produced an estimated figure of 3,502,000 Anglicans or

6% of the population of South Africa as of 2020.

Anglicans were

estimated to make up around 167,388 people or 7.4% of the population of

Lesotho in 2021.

The Diocese of Swaziland had 90,000 members in 2021.

In Namibia, 17% of the population, or 374,000 people, are Anglicans as of

2013.

The majority of Saint Helena's population of 4,439 people are

Anglicans.

In 2017,

Growth and Decline in the Anglican Communion:

1980 to the Present

, published by

, collected research reporting

there were 3,007,200 Anglicans in the countries forming part of the

Anglican Church of Southern Africa, excluding Angola and Mozambique.

Up until September 2021 four dioceses in

and

(three in

and one in

) were part of Anglican Church of Southern

Africa, these dioceses now form part of the

The

is the

. The current archbishop is

, who succeeded

in 2006. From 1986 to 1996 the primate was

laureate

History

[

]

Thabo Makgoba is the current

Archbishop of Cape Town.

The first Anglican clergy to minister regularly at the Cape were

who accompanied the troops when the British occupied the

in 1795 and

then again in 1806. The second British occupation resulted in a growing influx of

civil servants and settlers who were members of the

, and so civil

or colonial chaplains were appointed to minister to their needs. These were under

the authority of the Governor.

The first missionary of the

arrived in 1821. He was William Wright, a

priest. He opened a church and school in

, a fashionable suburb of Cape Town.

, a missionary of

the

went to

, and arranged for a priest,

to be sent to the royal

residence of King

. Owen witnessed the massacre of

, the

leader, and his companions, who

had come to negotiate a land treaty with Dingane, and left soon afterwards.

The Anglican Church in Southern Africa was at that time under the

, which effectively included the

and the entire

. Bishops en route for

sometimes stopped at the Cape for

, and occasionally

of clergy, but these visits were sporadic. It became apparent that a bishop

was needed for South Africa, and in 1847

was consecrated as the first

. The new bishop landed in

in 1848.

(1931–2021), former

Primate of the Anglican Church of

the Province of South Africa,

noted

and a leading

figure in the successful fight

against apartheid

Some Anglican parishes in the then-Cape Colony refused to join the Church of the

Province of South Africa when it was constituted in 1870; these parishes constituted

themselves as the Church of England in South Africa (CESA). CESA has subsequently

renamed itself as the

rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of

Tutu was elected and ordained the first black South African Anglican

and

of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. He received the

in 1984, the

, and the Magubela prize for liberty in

1986.

In 2006, the name Church of the Province of Southern Africa was dropped as the name was confusing to some people. The

church was renamed the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.

In July 2012,

of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa became the bishop-elect of

and the

first woman to be elected a bishop in any of the twelve Anglican provinces in Africa.

She was consecrated on 17

November 2012 at All Saints Cathedral,

On 19 January 2013,

was consecrated the diocesan

bishop of

Organisation

[

]

The polity of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa is

, like that of other

churches. The church

maintains a system of geographical

organized into

. The province is divided into various dioceses,

each led by its own bishop.

Dioceses

[

]

Diocese

Bishop

Territory

Cathedral

Founded

(

)

(

)

and nearer suburbs, and

, Cape Town

1847

Mkhuseli

Sobantwana

and southern suburbs of

1990 (from Johannesburg)

Southeastern suburbs of

, the

and the

2005 (from Cape Town)

province

1863 (from Cape Town, as

Diocese of Bloemfontein)

and

1911 (from Cape Town)

Mcebisi

Pinyana

Area of

and

the

1853 (from Cape Town)

and southern

1990 (from Johannesburg,

as Diocese of South

Eastern Transvaal)

Sepadi

Moruthane

Central

, its northern

suburbs and the

Johannesburg

1922 (from Pretoria)

Northeastern half of

western part of

1911 (from Bloemfontein,

Cape Town and

Grahamstown)

Molemo Edwin

Baatjies

1950 (from Free State, as

Diocese of Basutoland)

Central part of

1990 (from Johannesburg,

as Diocese of Klerksdorp)

Southern part of the former

, around

and

All Saints Church,

Ngcobo

2010 (from Mthatha)

Vacant

Northern

province

2004 (from Pretoria)

Central part of the former

around

and

Mthatha

1872 (from Grahamstown

and Natal, as Diocese of

St John's)

1924 (as Diocese of

Damaraland)

southwest of the

and

1853 (from Cape Town)

Grant

Walters

Western part of the

from

1970 (from Grahamstown)

Northern part of

and

northeastern part of

1878 (from Bloemfontein)

and

, Saint

Helena

1859 (from Cape Town)

Vacant

province

1987 (from Pretoria)

Northern suburbs of

, the

and

2005 (from Cape Town)

1968 (from Zululand)

North-central part of the

, from

Cathedral of St.

Michael,

2009 (from Grahamstown)

and the northeastern

part of the former

1991 (from Mthatha)

northeast of the

and

1870 (from Natal)

Angola and Mozambique

[

]

At its Autumn 2020 meeting the provincial standing committee approved a plan to form the dioceses which were part of

the Anglican Church of Southern Africa in Mozambique and Angola into a separate autonomous province of the Anglican

Communion, to be named the

Igreja Anglicana de Moçambique e Angola

(IAMA).

The plans were also outlined to the Mozambique and Angola Anglican Association (MANNA) at its September 2020 annual

general meeting.

The new province would be Portuguese-speaking, and would initially consist of twelve dioceses - four formed out of the

existing diocese of Angola, plus eight formed out of the existing three dioceses in Mozambique.

The plan has also

received the consent of the bishops and diocesan synods of all four existing dioceses in the two nations.

The

was formally inaugurated on 24 September 2021, in an online

teleconference.

There are more than 800 Anglican church congregations in Angola and Mozambique, and the new province would have an

initial membership of approximately half a million people.

Liturgy and prayer books

[

]

The Anglican Church in Southern Africa has used the following prayer books:

The

. London:

1946.

. London and Cape Town: Oxford University Press and

1954.

The Holy Eucharist morning & evening prayer, 1975

. Johannesburg (South Africa): C.P.S.A. 1975.

. Collins Liturgical Publications. 1989.

The Anglican church was a product of the

and political contexts of the sixteenth century.

, was instrumental in determining the form

was to take, not by writing

confessional statements or significant theological treaties, but through his authoring of the

1549 and 1552. All expressions of Anglicanism forever after defined itself in relation to the concept of the Prayer

Book, whether being faithful to the Reformed tradition or seeking different approaches. Other denominations have found

unity in confessional documents, or doctrinal formularies, or a systematically articulated theology, or the

pronouncements of magisterial authorities.

When the work of revising the liturgy in the twentieth century was undertaken it was with the understanding that it was

touching the nerve-centre of the Anglican ethos, since Anglican identity takes a more intangible form, deeply

dependent upon the influence and binding effect of its liturgical worship.

The most recent revision of the Prayer

Book resulted in the publishing of

An Anglican Prayer Book (1989).

The Anglican Prayer Book stands alongside the South

African Book of Common Prayer (1954).

Both the 1989 and 1954 prayer books have the English 1662 Book of Common

Prayer as a common source.

The work of the revision reflected the worldwide

, most notably in relation to the

as a result of decisions reached at its

Another influence was the

, which has had a marked impact on the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.

Particular care was taken to

meet evangelical concerns in a Province that is historically

rather than

in its main emphasis.

Theological breadth –

, and liberal – was aimed at in order to achieve balance and

to accommodate these various convictions.

These sensitivities and influences are most evident in the Eucharistic liturgy. Four Eucharistic prayers are given to

accommodate different theological preferences. Two are taken from the

, one is borrowed with

permission from the Roman Catholic Canon, and pride of place is given in the First Eucharistic Prayer to an indigenous

product. The influence of the liturgical movement can be seen in the overall structure and language of the Eucharist,

including seeking a sense of continuity with the early, apostolic church.

In tracing this line of continuity from the Lord's Table to the Communion Table, a prayer traditionally ascribed to

(ca. 215),

, called the Apostolic Tradition, captured the imagination of contemporary

liturgists and now appears in the modern liturgical books of different churches both

and

The opening lines of all four Eucharistic prayers closely mirror the wording of Hippolytus. The fourth Eucharistic

prayer most closely maintains the link with the Hippolytus liturgy, but allows slight variation with respect to the

wording of "we offer you" and "we bring before you" to accommodate different theological persuasions. This is an

example of how the Anglican Church of Southern Africa in making revisions for the 1989 prayer book adopted a more

conciliatory approach to the various ecclesiastical factions, foreshadowing the conciliatory context of South African

politics in the early 90s in regard to political factions and political change.

Doctrine and practice

[

]

See also:

The canon law of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa states that "marriage by divine institution is a lifelong and

exclusive union partnership between one man and one woman."

The church also does not have an official stance on

homosexuality itself.

The Church does not allow gay marriage or civil unions but does allow "same-sex relationships

if they are celibate."

In 2023, the Synod of Bishops agreed that they would "develop prayers of affirmation and

acknowledgement" that may be said with same-sex couples.

In 1998, the

reported than an

Anglican priest offered a blessing for a same-sex couple in an unofficial ceremony not recognised by the church or by

the government at the time.

The

has approved of blessing rites for same-sex civil

unions.

Regarding ordination, the church does not have an official position on the ordination of clergy who

identify as gay or lesbian.

As examples, in 2003,

, a former

, and Douglas

Torr, from Johannesburg, came out as gay.

An openly

, Mervyn Castle, was consecrated in

Cape Town.

Archbishop Emeritus Ndungane was supportive of the consecration of the first openly partnered gay

bishop,

in 2003.

Ndungane now supports same-sex marriage blessings.

Desmond Tutu, Archbishop

Emeritus of Cape Town, affirmed same-sex marriages and church blessings.

, the current primate and

archbishop, was quoted as being "one among few church leaders in Africa to support same-sex marriage."

The Diocese of Cape Town, after a synod in 2009, passed a resolution calling the bishops of the church to give

pastoral guidelines for homosexual couples who lived in "covenanted relationships." The resolution agreed to

"Affirming a pastoral response to same-sex partnerships of faithful commitment in our parish families."

It also

approved an amendment to the resolution that the guidelines give "due regard of the mind of the Anglican Communion."

In 2009 the synod declared that "[g]ays and lesbians can be leaders within the Anglican Church of Southern Africa as

long as they remain celibate".

The

has also been supportive of LGBTI people celebrating the

ministry of a gay priest.

Mervyn Castle, who is openly gay, was consecrated as bishop of False Bay by

the then

in 1994.

The Diocese of False Bay removed a priest for anti-gay views in 2011.

In 2013, the Provincial Synod, governing the church, adopted a resolution that "urged its bishops to provide guidelines

for giving pastoral care to same-sex couples who have entered civil unions under South African law."

The resolution

"request[s] the Synod of Bishops to work towards finalising the Guidelines for pastoral ministry in response to Civil

Unions as soon as possible."

The resolution says that it "affirms" in "2.1 That God calls us to love and minister

to all people, regardless of their sexual orientation, while at the same time upholding God's standards of holiness;

2.2 That this is a highly complex and emotive area which affects many people deeply and has a far reaching impact on

the mission of the Church."

In December 2015, Canon

, the daughter of Desmond Tutu, married her female partner in a civil ceremony in the

Netherlands.

In 2016, the Revd Charlotte Bannister-Parker, a

priest, presided with her bishop's

permission over a service of celebration, and Archbishop Tutu was able to give a blessing for his daughter and her

partner.

Tutu decided to surrender her licence in South Africa to avoid controversy, but remained a priest of

the Episcopal Diocese of Washington D.C. in the USA.

Bishop Raphael Hess, of Saldanha Bay, supporting same-sex

unions, is seeking to change church policy to allow her to serve.

The bishops discussed the issue in February

2016. The official statement said that the church "cannot advise the legitimizing or blessing of same-sex unions nor

ordaining those involved in same-gender unions".

Makgoba also said "we also tried at the Synod of Bishops to draw

up guidelines for clergy wanting to bless couples in same-sex unions, or who want to enter same-sex unions

themselves...[but] on this issue, I had to report back...that we were not of one mind."

The bishops also affirmed

members in same-gender marriages as full and equal members of the Church.

The message was "that gay, lesbian and

transgendered members of our church share in full membership as baptised members of the Body of Christ."

In August

2016, the

proposed that the church bless same-gender unions and permit LGBTI priests to

marry.

A motion to this effect was put the Provincial Synod meeting in September 2016; The voting was as

follows:

House

For

Against

Total

% In Favour

Laity

37.9%

Clergy

44.7%

Bishops

27.3%

Total

164

39.6%

Archbishop Makgoba "added that 'all is not lost.' He said the issue might hopefully be taken up again at the next

Provincial Synod in 2019...He also said the issue could be discussed at the local level in parishes and dioceses."

Makgoba further added "I was deeply pained by the outcome of the debate."

After the vote, priests in Saldanha Bay

declared they would bless same-gender marriages individually.

At least one priest, who is in a same-sex

relationship, has said the church ordained him knowing of his relationship.

On 2 March 2017, the bench of bishops stated that they are working on "pastoral guidelines for ministry to those in

same-sex relationships, which are still incomplete. [The bishops] asked Archbishop

to set up a small group of

bishops to work on completing them, together with others who could help the process."

Archbishop Ndungane also

advocated for a same-sex blessing rite.

Archbishop Thabo Makgoba set up a working group ".... to amend Canon 34

which will enable ministry to those in Same Sex Unions and the LGBTI Community in the context in which ACSA operates

in Southern Africa."

In 2019, the Provincial Synod voted to establish a permanent commission on

and

to send a report to dioceses, for "reflection and study," that recommends allowing each diocese to choose whether to

offer services of prayer following a same-sex civil union during a trial period; a third motion to request that

bishops develop guidelines for pastoral ministry to LGBTQ persons was deadlocked, and did not pass, in a vote of 75 in

favour to 75 against.

In 2022, the Bishops of the Dioceses of

, and

signed a

statement expressing support for the inclusion of LGBTQ people in the Anglican Communion.

In 2023, the Archbishop's

Commission on Human Sexuality proposed allowing clergy to bless same-sex civil unions.

In March, 2023, the Synod of

Bishops rejected proposals to bless or marry same-sex couples, but they did agree to craft "prayers of affirmation and

acknwoledgement for all faithful Anglicans who are in civil unions" that could be said pastorally with same-sex

couples.

On April 25, 2024, the church published the draft prayers to be said with couples in same-sex

unions for study.

The drafted prayers include both blessings for same-sex couples and prayers acknowledging

disagreement with same-sex relationships.

A motion, supported by Thabo Makgoba, and other bishops, to authorise the

published prayers for use was rejected in a vote by the Provincial Synod.

Ecumenical relations

[

]

The Anglican Church of Southern Africa is a member of the ecumenical

Relation with the Anglican Communion conflicts and realignment

[

]

South Africa's Anglican church has a more liberal tradition that sets it apart from its more conservative African

counterparts.

The province has been associated with the most liberal Anglican provinces concerning homosexuality

and the acceptance of same-sex unions, such as the United States, Canada, Brazil, New Zealand, Scotland, Wales and

South India.

The Anglican Church of Southern Africa, although described geographically as a part of the Global South, is not a

member of the

(GSFA).

Moderate conservative Bishop

, of the

, represented the province at the Global South Fourth Encounter that took place in

on 19–23 April 2010 and at their subsequent meeting in

, on 18–20 July 2012.

The ACSA

adopted the Anglican Communion Covenant proposed by the then Archbishop of Canterbury,

, as a way to

preserve the unity of the Anglican Communion at their provincial synod held in 2010 and ratified the decision at their

following meeting in October 2013. At the same time, Archbishop

emphasised his province's role of "being

at the heart of Anglican life, often acting as a bridge-builder, and drawing on its own experiences of living with

considerable diversity and wrestling with difference."

, has been the leading name of the

in the province

since he strongly opposed the consecration of partnered homosexual

as a bishop of the

in 2003.

Nopece was the only bishop of the ACSA to have attended the

that took

place in

on 23–28 June 2008. He decided the following year to launch the

after the resolution on 22 August 2009 of the

to pass pastoral guidelines

to members of the church who live in same-sex unions. Nopece presided at the launching of the Fellowship of Confessing

Anglicans at St. John's Church,

, on 3 September 2009, with the presence of a retired Anglican

Archbishop of Kenya,

. The event was greeted with messages of support from some of the leading names of

the Anglican realignment, archbishops

of the

and Bishop

of the

Nopece led a 10 members delegation, which included Bishop Nathaniel Nakwatumbah of the

, to the

that took place at

, on 21–26 October 2013.

Bishop Nopece led once

again the province's delegation to

, held in

, on 17–22 June 2018, comprised by 18 members, 16 from

, Bishop

, of the

, as the only delegate from

, and

another one from

References

[

]

Notes

[

]

Citations

[

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[

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